Short History Of Programming Languages
But what is a Computer Program ?
Computer Program is a sequence or set of instructions given to the computer to perform various tasks. While executing the program, raw data is get processed and we get the desired output.
Now the question is,
What is a Programming Language ?
As mentioned above, we have to give some instructions to the computer for completing our task;
but computer can understand the instructions that are written in a specific syntactical form & which is nothing but called as a 'Programming Language'.
Languages are broadly classified as -
- Machine Oriented ( Lower Level Languages )
- User Oriented ( Higher Level Languages )
Programming Languages are nothing but Machine Oriented Languages which can be understandable by Computer.
And User Oriented Languages are nearly Human Languages which are more complex than Machine Oriented Languages.
By 1960, there are different computer languages almost each for specific purpose.
E.g. :
COBOL - For commercial purpose
FORTRAN - For scientific purpose but not good for system code
BASIC - Which was easy
ASSEMBLY - Efficient but difficult to learn & debug
After this,
In 1960, an International Committee came out with a language called ALGOL 60
- Which is abstract but not popular.
Then they designed Combined Programming Language ( CPL ) in 1963.
- It is created by reducing abstractness of ALGOL.
- But it is big & hard to learn & difficult to implement.
Then there is a Basic Combined Programming Language ( BCPL ) which is developed by Martin Richard at Cambridge University in 1967.
- But it is less powerful & too specific language.
Then there is a 'B' Language, Which is written by Ken Thompson at AT & T's Bell labs in 1969.
- But it is also too specific.
In 1972, Dennis Ritchie at AT & T's Bell labs, developed 'C' Language.
- Which is Structured & Compact.
- One man language.
- Modern age language
- Easy for writing moderately complex programs.
Then there is a language 'C++' which is developed by Bjarne Strostrup in 1980 at Bell Laboratories.
- C++ is also known as 'C with classes'.
- It extends C by adding Object Oriented features.
And then the stage for 'JAVA' is get developed.
- It is a best language for Internet Programming.
- PHP is a server side scripting language. that is used to develop Static websites or Dynamic websites or Web applications.
- Ruby was mainly designed as a general-purpose scripting language, which provides the wide support for the different applications of ruby.
Also there are some other programming languages, we can call them as 'Modern Programming Languages'. Some of them are as follows :
C# - C# (pronounced "C-sharp") is an object-oriented programming language from Microsoft.It is particularly used to build Window's desktop applications and Games, Web applications and has become increasingly popular for mobile development too.
Python - Python is a popular programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum, and released in 1991.
Scala - Scala stands for Scalable language. It is a general-purpose, high-level, multi-paradigm programming language.
Rust - It is syntactically similar to C++, but is designed to provide better memory safety while maintaining high performance.
Kotlin - Kotlin is a general purpose, open source, statically typed programming language for the JVM and Android that combines object-oriented and functional programming features.
R - The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and data analysis.
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- Which is abstract but not popular.
- It is created by reducing abstractness of ALGOL.
- But it is big & hard to learn & difficult to implement.
- But it is less powerful & too specific language.
- But it is also too specific.
- Which is Structured & Compact.
- One man language.
- Modern age language
- Easy for writing moderately complex programs.
- C++ is also known as 'C with classes'.
- It extends C by adding Object Oriented features.
And then the stage for 'JAVA' is get developed.
It is developed by James Gostling, Patric Naughton, Chris Worth, ED Frank & Mike Sherdan at Sun Microsytems in 1995. With the slogan of “Write Once, Run Anywhere”, Java became an instant hit as it was much easier to learn and master.
- It is an Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Language.- It is a best language for Internet Programming.
1995 was a particularly interesting year in the computer programming world. In this year, four new programming languages were released - JAVA, JavaScript, PHP & Ruby.
- In recent years, JavaScript has displaced Java as the top programming language in the world. The steady rise of JavaScript has attributed to a technology that has made it possible for JavaScript to be run on the server-side.
- Ruby was mainly designed as a general-purpose scripting language, which provides the wide support for the different applications of ruby.
Also there are some other programming languages, we can call them as 'Modern Programming Languages'. Some of them are as follows :
C# - C# (pronounced "C-sharp") is an object-oriented programming language from Microsoft.It is particularly used to build Window's desktop applications and Games, Web applications and has become increasingly popular for mobile development too.
Python - Python is a popular programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum, and released in 1991.
Scala - Scala stands for Scalable language. It is a general-purpose, high-level, multi-paradigm programming language.
Rust - It is syntactically similar to C++, but is designed to provide better memory safety while maintaining high performance.
Kotlin - Kotlin is a general purpose, open source, statically typed programming language for the JVM and Android that combines object-oriented and functional programming features.
R - The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software and data analysis.
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